Expanding our example code
In previous chapters, we built a simple client which can present its surfaces on the display. Let's expand this code a bit to build a client which can receive input events. For the sake of simplicity, we're just going to be logging input events to stderr.
This is going to require a lot more code than we've worked with so far, so get strapped in. The first thing we need to do is set up the seat.
Setting up the seat
The first thing we'll need is a reference to a seat. We'll add it to our
client_state struct, and add keyboard, pointer, and touch objects for later
use as well:
struct wl_shm *wl_shm;
struct wl_compositor *wl_compositor;
struct xdg_wm_base *xdg_wm_base;
+ struct wl_seat *wl_seat;
/* Objects */
struct wl_surface *wl_surface;
struct xdg_surface *xdg_surface;
+ struct wl_keyboard *wl_keyboard;
+ struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer;
+ struct wl_touch *wl_touch;
/* State */
float offset;
uint32_t last_frame;
int width, height;
We'll also need to update registry_global to register a listener for that
seat.
wl_registry, name, &xdg_wm_base_interface, 1);
xdg_wm_base_add_listener(state->xdg_wm_base,
&xdg_wm_base_listener, state);
+ } else if (strcmp(interface, wl_seat_interface.name) == 0) {
+ state->wl_seat = wl_registry_bind(
+ wl_registry, name, &wl_seat_interface, 7);
+ wl_seat_add_listener(state->wl_seat,
+ &wl_seat_listener, state);
}
}
Note that we bind to the latest version of the seat interface, version 7. Let's also rig up that listener:
+static void
+wl_seat_capabilities(void *data, struct wl_seat *wl_seat, uint32_t capabilities)
+{
+ struct client_state *state = data;
+ /* TODO */
+}
+
+static void
+wl_seat_name(void *data, struct wl_seat *wl_seat, const char *name)
+{
+ fprintf(stderr, "seat name: %s\n", name);
+}
+
+static const struct wl_seat_listener wl_seat_listener = {
+ .capabilities = wl_seat_capabilities,
+ .name = wl_seat_name,
+};
If you compile (cc -o client client.c xdg-shell-protocol.c) and run this now,
you should seat the name of the seat printed to stderr.
Rigging up pointer events
Let's get to pointer events. If you recall, pointer events from the Wayland server are to be accumulated into a single logical event. For this reason, we'll need to define a struct to store them in.
+enum pointer_event_mask {
+ POINTER_EVENT_ENTER = 1 << 0,
+ POINTER_EVENT_LEAVE = 1 << 1,
+ POINTER_EVENT_MOTION = 1 << 2,
+ POINTER_EVENT_BUTTON = 1 << 3,
+ POINTER_EVENT_AXIS = 1 << 4,
+ POINTER_EVENT_AXIS_SOURCE = 1 << 5,
+ POINTER_EVENT_AXIS_STOP = 1 << 6,
+ POINTER_EVENT_AXIS_DISCRETE = 1 << 7,
+};
+
+struct pointer_event {
+ uint32_t event_mask;
+ wl_fixed_t surface_x, surface_y;
+ uint32_t button, state;
+ uint32_t time;
+ uint32_t serial;
+ struct {
+ bool valid;
+ wl_fixed_t value;
+ int32_t discrete;
+ } axes[2];
+ uint32_t axis_source;
+};
We'll be using a bitmask here to identify which events we've received for a single pointer frame, and storing the relevant information from each event in their respective fields. Let's add this to our state struct as well:
/* State */
float offset;
uint32_t last_frame;
int width, height;
bool closed;
+ struct pointer_event pointer_event;
};
Then we'll need to update our wl_seat_capabilities to set up the pointer
object for seats which are capable of pointer input.
static void
wl_seat_capabilities(void *data, struct wl_seat *wl_seat, uint32_t capabilities)
{
struct client_state *state = data;
- /* TODO */
+
+ bool have_pointer = capabilities & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_POINTER;
+
+ if (have_pointer && state->wl_pointer == NULL) {
+ state->wl_pointer = wl_seat_get_pointer(state->wl_seat);
+ wl_pointer_add_listener(state->wl_pointer,
+ &wl_pointer_listener, state);
+ } else if (!have_pointer && state->wl_pointer != NULL) {
+ wl_pointer_release(state->wl_pointer);
+ state->wl_pointer = NULL;
+ }
}
This merits some explanation. Recall that capabilities is a bitmask of the
kinds of devices supported by this seat — a bitwise AND (&) with a capability
will produce a non-zero value if supported. Then, if we have a pointer and have
not already configured it, we take the first branch, using
wl_seat_get_pointer to obtain a pointer reference and storing it in our state.
If the seat does not support pointers, but we already have one configured, we
use wl_pointer_release to get rid of it. Remember that the capabilities of a
seat can change at runtime, for example when the user un-plugs and re-plugs
their mouse.
We also configured a listener for the pointer. Let's add the struct for that, too:
+static const struct wl_pointer_listener wl_pointer_listener = {
+ .enter = wl_pointer_enter,
+ .leave = wl_pointer_leave,
+ .motion = wl_pointer_motion,
+ .button = wl_pointer_button,
+ .axis = wl_pointer_axis,
+ .frame = wl_pointer_frame,
+ .axis_source = wl_pointer_axis_source,
+ .axis_stop = wl_pointer_axis_stop,
+ .axis_discrete = wl_pointer_axis_discrete,
+};
Pointers have a lot of events. Let's have a look at them.
+static void
+wl_pointer_enter(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer,
+ uint32_t serial, struct wl_surface *surface,
+ wl_fixed_t surface_x, wl_fixed_t surface_y)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ client_state->pointer_event.event_mask |= POINTER_EVENT_ENTER;
+ client_state->pointer_event.serial = serial;
+ client_state->pointer_event.surface_x = surface_x,
+ client_state->pointer_event.surface_y = surface_y;
+}
+
+static void
+wl_pointer_leave(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer,
+ uint32_t serial, struct wl_surface *surface)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ client_state->pointer_event.serial = serial;
+ client_state->pointer_event.event_mask |= POINTER_EVENT_LEAVE;
+}
The "enter" and "leave" events are fairly straightforward, and they set the stage for the rest of the implementation. We update the event mask to include the appropriate event, then populate it with the data we were provided. The "motion" and "button" events are rather similar:
+static void
+wl_pointer_motion(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t time,
+ wl_fixed_t surface_x, wl_fixed_t surface_y)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ client_state->pointer_event.event_mask |= POINTER_EVENT_MOTION;
+ client_state->pointer_event.time = time;
+ client_state->pointer_event.surface_x = surface_x,
+ client_state->pointer_event.surface_y = surface_y;
+}
+
+static void
+wl_pointer_button(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t serial,
+ uint32_t time, uint32_t button, uint32_t state)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ client_state->pointer_event.event_mask |= POINTER_EVENT_BUTTON;
+ client_state->pointer_event.time = time;
+ client_state->pointer_event.serial = serial;
+ client_state->pointer_event.button = button,
+ client_state->pointer_event.state = state;
+}
Axis events are somewhat more complex, because there are two axes: horizontal
and vertical. Thus, our pointer_event struct contains an array with two groups
of axis events. Our code to handle these ends up something like this:
+static void
+wl_pointer_axis(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t time,
+ uint32_t axis, wl_fixed_t value)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ client_state->pointer_event.event_mask |= POINTER_EVENT_AXIS;
+ client_state->pointer_event.time = time;
+ client_state->pointer_event.axes[axis].valid = true;
+ client_state->pointer_event.axes[axis].value = value;
+}
+
+static void
+wl_pointer_axis_source(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer,
+ uint32_t axis_source)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ client_state->pointer_event.event_mask |= POINTER_EVENT_AXIS_SOURCE;
+ client_state->pointer_event.axis_source = axis_source;
+}
+
+static void
+wl_pointer_axis_stop(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer,
+ uint32_t time, uint32_t axis)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ client_state->pointer_event.time = time;
+ client_state->pointer_event.event_mask |= POINTER_EVENT_AXIS_STOP;
+ client_state->pointer_event.axes[axis].valid = true;
+}
+
+static void
+wl_pointer_axis_discrete(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer,
+ uint32_t axis, int32_t discrete)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ client_state->pointer_event.event_mask |= POINTER_EVENT_AXIS_DISCRETE;
+ client_state->pointer_event.axes[axis].valid = true;
+ client_state->pointer_event.axes[axis].discrete = discrete;
+}
Similarly straightforward, aside from the main change of updating whichever axis was affected. Note the use of the "valid" boolean as well: it's possible that we'll receive a pointer frame which updates one axis, but not another, so we use this "valid" value to determine which axes were updated in the frame event.
Speaking of which, it's time for the main attraction: our "frame" handler.
+static void
+wl_pointer_frame(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ struct pointer_event *event = &client_state->pointer_event;
+ fprintf(stderr, "pointer frame @ %d: ", event->time);
+
+ if (event->event_mask & POINTER_EVENT_ENTER) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "entered %f, %f ",
+ wl_fixed_to_double(event->surface_x),
+ wl_fixed_to_double(event->surface_y));
+ }
+
+ if (event->event_mask & POINTER_EVENT_LEAVE) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "leave");
+ }
+
+ if (event->event_mask & POINTER_EVENT_MOTION) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "motion %f, %f ",
+ wl_fixed_to_double(event->surface_x),
+ wl_fixed_to_double(event->surface_y));
+ }
+
+ if (event->event_mask & POINTER_EVENT_BUTTON) {
+ char *state = event->state == WL_POINTER_BUTTON_STATE_RELEASED ?
+ "released" : "pressed";
+ fprintf(stderr, "button %d %s ", event->button, state);
+ }
+
+ uint32_t axis_events = POINTER_EVENT_AXIS
+ | POINTER_EVENT_AXIS_SOURCE
+ | POINTER_EVENT_AXIS_STOP
+ | POINTER_EVENT_AXIS_DISCRETE;
+ char *axis_name[2] = {
+ [WL_POINTER_AXIS_VERTICAL_SCROLL] = "vertical",
+ [WL_POINTER_AXIS_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL] = "horizontal",
+ };
+ char *axis_source[4] = {
+ [WL_POINTER_AXIS_SOURCE_WHEEL] = "wheel",
+ [WL_POINTER_AXIS_SOURCE_FINGER] = "finger",
+ [WL_POINTER_AXIS_SOURCE_CONTINUOUS] = "continuous",
+ [WL_POINTER_AXIS_SOURCE_WHEEL_TILT] = "wheel tilt",
+ };
+ if (event->event_mask & axis_events) {
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+ if (!event->axes[i].valid) {
+ continue;
+ }
+ fprintf(stderr, "%s axis ", axis_name[i]);
+ if (event->event_mask & POINTER_EVENT_AXIS) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "value %f ", wl_fixed_to_double(
+ event->axes[i].value));
+ }
+ if (event->event_mask & POINTER_EVENT_AXIS_DISCRETE) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "discrete %d ",
+ event->axes[i].discrete);
+ }
+ if (event->event_mask & POINTER_EVENT_AXIS_SOURCE) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "via %s ",
+ axis_source[event->axis_source]);
+ }
+ if (event->event_mask & POINTER_EVENT_AXIS_STOP) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "(stopped) ");
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+ memset(event, 0, sizeof(*event));
+}
It certainly is the longest of the bunch, isn't it? Hopefully it isn't too confusing, though. All we're doing here is pretty-printing the accumulated state for this frame to stderr. If you compile and run this again now, you should be able to wiggle your mouse over the window and see input events printed out!
Rigging up keyboard events
Let's update our client_state struct with some fields to store XKB state.
@@ -105,6 +107,9 @@ struct client_state {
int width, height;
bool closed;
struct pointer_event pointer_event;
+ struct xkb_state *xkb_state;
+ struct xkb_context *xkb_context;
+ struct xkb_keymap *xkb_keymap;
};
We need the xkbcommon headers to define these. While we're at it, I'm going to
pull in assert.h as well:
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200112L
+#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <wayland-client.h>
+#include <xkbcommon/xkbcommon.h>
#include "xdg-shell-client-protocol.h"
We'll also need to initialize the xkb_context in our main function:
@@ -603,6 +649,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
state.height = 480;
state.wl_display = wl_display_connect(NULL);
state.wl_registry = wl_display_get_registry(state.wl_display);
+ state.xkb_context = xkb_context_new(XKB_CONTEXT_NO_FLAGS);
wl_registry_add_listener(state.wl_registry, &wl_registry_listener, &state);
wl_display_roundtrip(state.wl_display);
Next, let's update our seat capabilities function to rig up our keyboard listener, too.
} else if (!have_pointer && state->wl_pointer != NULL) {
wl_pointer_release(state->wl_pointer);
state->wl_pointer = NULL;
}
+
+ bool have_keyboard = capabilities & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_KEYBOARD;
+
+ if (have_keyboard && state->wl_keyboard == NULL) {
+ state->wl_keyboard = wl_seat_get_keyboard(state->wl_seat);
+ wl_keyboard_add_listener(state->wl_keyboard,
+ &wl_keyboard_listener, state);
+ } else if (!have_keyboard && state->wl_keyboard != NULL) {
+ wl_keyboard_release(state->wl_keyboard);
+ state->wl_keyboard = NULL;
+ }
}
We'll have to define the wl_keyboard_listener we use here, too.
+static const struct wl_keyboard_listener wl_keyboard_listener = {
+ .keymap = wl_keyboard_keymap,
+ .enter = wl_keyboard_enter,
+ .leave = wl_keyboard_leave,
+ .key = wl_keyboard_key,
+ .modifiers = wl_keyboard_modifiers,
+ .repeat_info = wl_keyboard_repeat_info,
+};
And now, the meat of the changes. Let's start with the keymap:
+static void
+wl_keyboard_keymap(void *data, struct wl_keyboard *wl_keyboard,
+ uint32_t format, int32_t fd, uint32_t size)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ assert(format == WL_KEYBOARD_KEYMAP_FORMAT_XKB_V1);
+
+ char *map_shm = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
+ assert(map_shm != MAP_FAILED);
+
+ struct xkb_keymap *xkb_keymap = xkb_keymap_new_from_string(
+ client_state->xkb_context, map_shm,
+ XKB_KEYMAP_FORMAT_TEXT_V1, XKB_KEYMAP_COMPILE_NO_FLAGS);
+ munmap(map_shm, size);
+ close(fd);
+
+ struct xkb_state *xkb_state = xkb_state_new(xkb_keymap);
+ xkb_keymap_unref(client_state->xkb_keymap);
+ xkb_state_unref(client_state->xkb_state);
+ client_state->xkb_keymap = xkb_keymap;
+ client_state->xkb_state = xkb_state;
+}
Now we can see why we added assert.h — we're using it here to make sure
that the keymap format is the one we expect. Then, we use mmap to map the file
descriptor the compositor sent us to a char * pointer we can pass into
xkb_keymap_new_from_string. Don't forget to munmap and close that fd
afterwards — then we set up our XKB state. Note as well that we have also
unrefed any previous XKB keymap or state that we had set up in a prior call to
this function, in case the compositor changes the keymap at runtime.1
+static void
+wl_keyboard_enter(void *data, struct wl_keyboard *wl_keyboard,
+ uint32_t serial, struct wl_surface *surface,
+ struct wl_array *keys)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ fprintf(stderr, "keyboard enter; keys pressed are:\n");
+ uint32_t *key;
+ wl_array_for_each(key, keys) {
+ char buf[128];
+ xkb_keysym_t sym = xkb_state_key_get_one_sym(
+ client_state->xkb_state, *key + 8);
+ xkb_keysym_get_name(sym, buf, sizeof(buf));
+ fprintf(stderr, "sym: %-12s (%d), ", buf, sym);
+ xkb_state_key_get_utf8(client_state->xkb_state,
+ *key + 8, buf, sizeof(buf));
+ fprintf(stderr, "utf8: '%s'\n", buf);
+ }
+}
When the keyboard "enters" our surface, we have received keyboard focus. The compositor forwards a list of keys which were already pressed at that time, and here we just enumerate them and log their keysym names and UTF-8 equivalent. We'll do something similar when keys are pressed:
+static void
+wl_keyboard_key(void *data, struct wl_keyboard *wl_keyboard,
+ uint32_t serial, uint32_t time, uint32_t key, uint32_t state)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ char buf[128];
+ uint32_t keycode = key + 8;
+ xkb_keysym_t sym = xkb_state_key_get_one_sym(
+ client_state->xkb_state, keycode);
+ xkb_keysym_get_name(sym, buf, sizeof(buf));
+ const char *action =
+ state == WL_KEYBOARD_KEY_STATE_PRESSED ? "press" : "release";
+ fprintf(stderr, "key %s: sym: %-12s (%d), ", action, buf, sym);
+ xkb_state_key_get_utf8(client_state->xkb_state, keycode,
+ buf, sizeof(buf));
+ fprintf(stderr, "utf8: '%s'\n", buf);
+}
And finally, we add small implementations of the three remaining events:
+static void
+wl_keyboard_leave(void *data, struct wl_keyboard *wl_keyboard,
+ uint32_t serial, struct wl_surface *surface)
+{
+ fprintf(stderr, "keyboard leave\n");
+}
+
+static void
+wl_keyboard_modifiers(void *data, struct wl_keyboard *wl_keyboard,
+ uint32_t serial, uint32_t mods_depressed,
+ uint32_t mods_latched, uint32_t mods_locked,
+ uint32_t group)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ xkb_state_update_mask(client_state->xkb_state,
+ mods_depressed, mods_latched, mods_locked, 0, 0, group);
+}
+
+static void
+wl_keyboard_repeat_info(void *data, struct wl_keyboard *wl_keyboard,
+ int32_t rate, int32_t delay)
+{
+ /* Left as an exercise for the reader */
+}
For modifiers, we could decode these further, but most applications won't need to. We just update the XKB state here. As for handling key repeat — this has a lot of constraints particular to your application. Do you want to repeat text input? Do you want to repeat keyboard shortcuts? How does the timing of these interact with your event loop? The answers to these questions is left for you to decide.
If you compile this again, you should be able to start typing into the window and see your input printed into the log. Huzzah!
Rigging up touch events
Finally, we'll add support for touch-capable devices. Like pointers, a "frame" event exists for touch devices. However, they're further complicated by the possibility that multiple touch points may be updated within a single frame. We'll add some more structures and enums to represent the accumulated state:
+enum touch_event_mask {
+ TOUCH_EVENT_DOWN = 1 << 0,
+ TOUCH_EVENT_UP = 1 << 1,
+ TOUCH_EVENT_MOTION = 1 << 2,
+ TOUCH_EVENT_CANCEL = 1 << 3,
+ TOUCH_EVENT_SHAPE = 1 << 4,
+ TOUCH_EVENT_ORIENTATION = 1 << 5,
+};
+
+struct touch_point {
+ bool valid;
+ int32_t id;
+ uint32_t event_mask;
+ wl_fixed_t surface_x, surface_y;
+ wl_fixed_t major, minor;
+ wl_fixed_t orientation;
+};
+
+struct touch_event {
+ uint32_t event_mask;
+ uint32_t time;
+ uint32_t serial;
+ struct touch_point points[10];
+};
Note that I've arbitrarily chosen 10 touchpoints here, with the assumption that most users will only ever use that many fingers. For larger, multi-user touch screens, you may need a higher limit. Additionally, some touch hardware supports fewer than 10 touch points concurrently — 8 is also common, and hardware which supports fewer still is common among older devices.
We'll add this struct to client_state:
@@ -110,6 +135,7 @@ struct client_state {
struct xkb_state *xkb_state;
struct xkb_context *xkb_context;
struct xkb_keymap *xkb_keymap;
+ struct touch_event touch_event;
};
And we'll update the seat capabilities handler to rig up a listener when touch support is available.
} else if (!have_keyboard && state->wl_keyboard != NULL) {
wl_keyboard_release(state->wl_keyboard);
state->wl_keyboard = NULL;
}
+
+ bool have_touch = capabilities & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_TOUCH;
+
+ if (have_touch && state->wl_touch == NULL) {
+ state->wl_touch = wl_seat_get_touch(state->wl_seat);
+ wl_touch_add_listener(state->wl_touch,
+ &wl_touch_listener, state);
+ } else if (!have_touch && state->wl_touch != NULL) {
+ wl_touch_release(state->wl_touch);
+ state->wl_touch = NULL;
+ }
}
We've repeated again the pattern of handling both the appearance and disappearance of touch capabilities on the seat, so we're robust to devices appearing and disappearing at runtime. It's less common for touch devices to be hotplugged, though.
Here's the listener itself:
+static const struct wl_touch_listener wl_touch_listener = {
+ .down = wl_touch_down,
+ .up = wl_touch_up,
+ .motion = wl_touch_motion,
+ .frame = wl_touch_frame,
+ .cancel = wl_touch_cancel,
+ .shape = wl_touch_shape,
+ .orientation = wl_touch_orientation,
+};
To deal with multiple touch points, we'll need to write a small helper function:
+static struct touch_point *
+get_touch_point(struct client_state *client_state, int32_t id)
+{
+ struct touch_event *touch = &client_state->touch_event;
+ const size_t nmemb = sizeof(touch->points) / sizeof(struct touch_point);
+ int invalid = -1;
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < nmemb; ++i) {
+ if (touch->points[i].id == id) {
+ return &touch->points[i];
+ }
+ if (invalid == -1 && !touch->points[i].valid) {
+ invalid = i;
+ }
+ }
+ if (invalid == -1) {
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ touch->points[invalid].valid = true;
+ touch->points[invalid].id = id;
+ return &touch->points[invalid];
+}
The basic purpose of this function is to pick a touch_point from the array we
added to the touch_event struct, based on the touch ID we're receiving events
for. If we find an existing touch_point for that ID, we return it. If not, we
return the first available touch point. In case we run out, we return NULL.
Now we can take advantage of this to implement our first function: touch up.
+static void
+wl_touch_down(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch, uint32_t serial,
+ uint32_t time, struct wl_surface *surface, int32_t id,
+ wl_fixed_t x, wl_fixed_t y)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ struct touch_point *point = get_touch_point(client_state, id);
+ if (point == NULL) {
+ return;
+ }
+ point->event_mask |= TOUCH_EVENT_UP;
+ point->surface_x = wl_fixed_to_double(x),
+ point->surface_y = wl_fixed_to_double(y);
+ client_state->touch_event.time = time;
+ client_state->touch_event.serial = serial;
+}
Like the pointer events, we're also simply accumulating this state for later use. We don't yet know if this event represents a complete touch frame. Let's add something similar for touch up:
+static void
+wl_touch_up(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch, uint32_t serial,
+ uint32_t time, int32_t id)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ struct touch_point *point = get_touch_point(client_state, id);
+ if (point == NULL) {
+ return;
+ }
+ point->event_mask |= TOUCH_EVENT_UP;
+}
And for motion:
+static void
+wl_touch_motion(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch, uint32_t time,
+ int32_t id, wl_fixed_t x, wl_fixed_t y)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ struct touch_point *point = get_touch_point(client_state, id);
+ if (point == NULL) {
+ return;
+ }
+ point->event_mask |= TOUCH_EVENT_MOTION;
+ point->surface_x = x, point->surface_y = y;
+ client_state->touch_event.time = time;
+}
The touch cancel event is somewhat different, as it "cancels" all active touch
points at once. We'll just store this in the touch_event's top-level event
mask.
+static void
+wl_touch_cancel(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ client_state->touch_event.event_mask |= TOUCH_EVENT_CANCEL;
+}
The shape and orientation events are similar to up, down, and move, however, in that they inform us about the dimensions of a specific touch point.
+static void
+wl_touch_shape(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch,
+ int32_t id, wl_fixed_t major, wl_fixed_t minor)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ struct touch_point *point = get_touch_point(client_state, id);
+ if (point == NULL) {
+ return;
+ }
+ point->event_mask |= TOUCH_EVENT_SHAPE;
+ point->major = major, point->minor = minor;
+}
+
+static void
+wl_touch_orientation(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch,
+ int32_t id, wl_fixed_t orientation)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ struct touch_point *point = get_touch_point(client_state, id);
+ if (point == NULL) {
+ return;
+ }
+ point->event_mask |= TOUCH_EVENT_ORIENTATION;
+ point->orientation = orientation;
+}
And finally, upon receiving a frame event, we can interpret all of this accumulated state as a single input event, much like our pointer code.
+static void
+wl_touch_frame(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch)
+{
+ struct client_state *client_state = data;
+ struct touch_event *touch = &client_state->touch_event;
+ const size_t nmemb = sizeof(touch->points) / sizeof(struct touch_point);
+ fprintf(stderr, "touch event @ %d:\n", touch->time);
+
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < nmemb; ++i) {
+ struct touch_point *point = &touch->points[i];
+ if (!point->valid) {
+ continue;
+ }
+ fprintf(stderr, "point %d: ", touch->points[i].id);
+
+ if (point->event_mask & TOUCH_EVENT_DOWN) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "down %f,%f ",
+ wl_fixed_to_double(point->surface_x),
+ wl_fixed_to_double(point->surface_y));
+ }
+
+ if (point->event_mask & TOUCH_EVENT_UP) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "up ");
+ }
+
+ if (point->event_mask & TOUCH_EVENT_MOTION) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "motion %f,%f ",
+ wl_fixed_to_double(point->surface_x),
+ wl_fixed_to_double(point->surface_y));
+ }
+
+ if (point->event_mask & TOUCH_EVENT_SHAPE) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "shape %fx%f ",
+ wl_fixed_to_double(point->major),
+ wl_fixed_to_double(point->minor));
+ }
+
+ if (point->event_mask & TOUCH_EVENT_ORIENTATION) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "orientation %f ",
+ wl_fixed_to_double(point->orientation));
+ }
+
+ point->valid = false;
+ fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+ }
+}
Compile and run this again, and you'll be able to see touch events printed to stderr as you interact with your touch device (assuming you have such a device to test with). And now our client supports input!
What's next?
There are a lot of different kinds of input devices, so extending our code to support them was a fair bit of work — our code has grown by 2.5× in this chapter alone. The rewards should feel pretty great, though, as you are now familiar with enough Wayland concepts (and code) that you can implement a lot of clients.
There's still a little bit more to learn — in the last few chapters, we'll cover popup windows, context menus, interactive window moving and resizing, clipboard and drag & drop support, and, later, a handful of interesting protocol extensions which support more niche use-cases. I definitely recommend reading at least chapter 10.1 before you start building your own client, as it covers things like having the window resized at the compositor's request.
This actually does happen in practice!